Religious Movement of 600 BC

BUDDHISM

• Founder → Gautama Buddha ( Light of Asia)
• Also known as → Shakya Muni
• Birth → 563 BC
• Place → Lumbini, Kapilvarha, Nepal
• Childhood Name → Siddhartha
• Father → Shuddhodhana ( Shakya)
• Mother → Mahamaya (Kaulya0
• Wife → Yashodhara
• Son → Rahul
• Horse Kanthaka
• Sarthi – channa

Prince Siddhartha was twenty-nine years old when his life changed. In carriage rides outside his palaces he first saw a sick person, then an old man, then a corpse. This shook him to the core of his being; he realized that his privileged status would not protect him from sickness, old age, and death. When he saw a spiritual seeker — a mendicant “holy man” ―  the urge to seek the peace of mind arose in him.

At the age of 29 years, Siddhartha left his home. This Incident is known as Mahabhiniskramana. He went to the Anoma river and became a monk to hear the bank of Anoma river.

⇒ He first went to

1. Rajgriha where he met Alar Kalam (teacher), taught techniques of meditation to him. Then he reached to
2. Vaishali where hi meet Rudrak Ramputra (Teacher). However, after six years of this, the prince felt only frustration
3. Eventually, he realized that the path to peace was through mental discipline. At Bodh Gaya, in the modern Indian state of Bihar, he sat in meditation beneath a ficus tree, “the Bodhi tree,” where he got enlightenment after their meditation of 6 years on the bank of Niranjana River. That incident in Buddhism is known as Nirvana.

Who Was Buddha?

Buddha is not a name, but a title. It is a Sanskrit word that means “a person who is awake.” What a Buddha is awake to is the true nature of reality.

Buddha gave his first preachment (Dharmachakrapravartana) in Sarnath, Varanasi. He founded a Buddhist Union in Sarnath to follow 3 Ratans

• Buddha
• Sanga
• Dharma

⇒ Minimum age required to join the Buddhist union → 15 years

⇒ Quaram( Minimum member required to start any session) of Buddhist union → 20 member

⇒ Famous Students of Buddha

• Tapassu
• Bhalluk

⇒Famous discipline Students of Buddha

• Anand
• Upali

⇒ Buddha gave his maximum no. of preachment in Shravasti in the Pali language.

⇒ In The Last Stage of his life, he reached Kushinagar & gave his last preachment to subheccha. He then gave his preachment to Lund (Lauhar) where he ate pork gives by Lund due to dysentery he died in Kushinagar (483 BC), at the bank of Hiranyavati river. That incident in Buddhism is known as Mahaparinirvana.

First Buddhist Council – 483 BC

• Venue → Rajgriha (Sattaparni Cave)
• King → Ajatashatru (Haryanka dynasty)
• Chairman → Mahakassapa
• Work → 2 Pitakas were added

1. Sutta Pitaka (teaching of Buddha)  – by Anand (writer)
2. Vinay Pitaka ( rules of Buddhist union) – by Upali (writer)

Second Buddhist Council – 383 BC

• Place → Vaishali
• King → Kalashoka (Shishunage Dynasty)
• Chairman → Sabakmir/Sarvakamini
• Work → Followers

1. Theravadins
2. Mahasanghika

Third Buddhist Council – 251 BC

• Place → Patliputra
• King → Ashoka ( Maurya Dynasty)Moggaliputta- Tissa
• chairman → Moggaliputta- Tissa
• Work →3rd Pitaka added in Buddhism {Abhidramma Pitaka (biographies of monks contemporary to Ashoka)

Fourth Buddhist Council – 78 A.D/ 81 A.D

• Place → Kundalvan, Kashmir
• King → Kanishka (Kushana Dynasty)
• Chairman → Vasumitra
• V. Chairman → Ashwaghosh
• Work → Buddhism divided into 2 communities.

                       1st century
                            ↓ (Statues)
                          ↙   ↘
                     Mathura    Gandhar
                       ↓           ↓
         1st Statue of Buddha   Foreign art ( Copied Greeks)
                       ↓           ↓
                Normal eyes    Big eyes
                Normal ears    long ears
           Any color statue   Black color statue
                Sitting       Standing or Laying